Guarnaccino, also known as Guarnaccino nero or Guarnaccino di Chiaromonte, is a native black grape variety from Basilicata, particularly associated with the Chiaromonte area, in the heart of the Pollino. It forms part of the local wine-growing tradition, and its name evokes ancient southern Italian terms such as Guarnaccia and Vernaccia, which were once used to refer to various grape varieties. After a long period of neglect, the grape variety was the subject of a major restoration project launched in the early 2000s, culminating in its official recognition as a distinct variety in 2013.
From an ampelographic perspective, it produces a medium-sized, conical, winged and moderately compact bunch; the berry is medium-sized, spherical, with a pruinose, firm skin and a blue-black colour. The leaf is generally of medium size and has a jointed margin, consistent with the morphology of southern Italian varieties. Its cultivation finds its most characteristic expression in the hills of Chiaromonte, on clayey, sandy soils rich in minerals. The resulting wine is an intense ruby red, often enhanced by violet hues, with distinct aromas of red and black fruits, spices and subtle floral or Mediterranean notes. On the palate, it offers good acidity, structure, warmth and enveloping tannins. The varied nature of the soils allows for the production of both lighter, more fragrant wines and complex, long-lived wines suitable for ageing.